Search British Royal Navy, Battle Of Trafalgar Prize Book

In these records, you’ll uncover key details such as:

First name

Last name

Ship name

Quality (rank)

Prize amount

But that’s not all, the original documents often reveal who actually collected the money. It might have been the sailor himself, a family member claiming on his behalf, or even a legal representative. In cases where no one came forward, the payment was transferred to Greenwich Hospital, noted in the records with a simple ‘G’.

These books only cover ship names P-V. Unfortunately, it is not known what happened to the volumes for ships A-O.

The Battle of Trafalgar

The Battle of Trafalgar, fought on 21 October 1805 off the coast of Spain, was a decisive naval engagement between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of France and Spain during the Napoleonic Wars. Commanded by Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson aboard HMS Victory, the British fleet of 27 ships faced 33 enemy vessels under Admiral Villeneuve. Nelson’s bold strategy—dividing his fleet into two columns to break the enemy line—shattered conventional tactics and secured a resounding victory. Though Nelson was fatally wounded during the battle, his fleet destroyed or captured much of the opposing force without losing a single British ship. Trafalgar confirmed Britain’s dominance at sea, ensuring Napoleon could not invade Britain and shaping naval power for the next century.

Prize Money

For centuries, naval prize money was one of the great motivators of life at sea. In the Royal Navy, capturing an enemy ship didn’t just bring glory, it could bring fortune. Once a prize was brought safely into port, its cargo, guns, and hull were sold, and the profits divided among the crew according to rank. Admirals and captains took the largest shares, but even ordinary seamen could suddenly find themselves with a year’s pay in their pocket, or more. This system rewarded bravery and skill, but it was also a gamble: prize cases dragged on for years, ships were lost in storms, and many men died before ever seeing their money. Still, for a sailor, the lure of “prize” offered the tantalising promise of a better life ashore.

The Trafalgar prize money was unlike any other. Although the British victory in 1805 was resounding, many of the captured Franco-Spanish ships were destroyed in the fierce storm that followed the battle, meaning they could not be sold for profit. To honour the fleet’s achievement, the government stepped in with a £300,000 grant to be distributed among the crews of Nelson’s ships, following the traditional system of shares by rank and class. These payments, recorded meticulously in the prize books, reveal who served on each ship, what they earned, and, in some cases, who claimed the money after their death. For many families, it was the only tangible reward for the cost of war; for historians and genealogists today, it opens a window into the lives and losses behind Britain’s most famous naval victory.

Stories

Horatio Nelson - Nelson himself received the lion’s share, £7,303 8s 2d in prize money and £18,517 13s from the government grant, worth roughly £2 million today. Before his death, he asked that the money be given to Emma Hamilton and their daughter Horatia, but his wishes were ignored. The funds went instead into his estate and ultimately to his brother, William Nelson, leaving Emma and Horatia with nothing despite their close connection to Britain’s most celebrated naval hero.

Dennis Whelan - a 12 year old boy serving aboard HMS Revenge. Whelan was killed in battle. The prize book shows us that his mother, Catherine, collected his prize money.

John Quilliam - began his naval career after being was pressed into service (forced aboard a Royal Navy ship against his will). Yet his talent and determination carried him far. By the time of Trafalgar, he was a Lieutenant on HMS Victory, serving directly under Nelson. Rising still higher, Quilliam was later promoted to Captain and became a member of the Isle of Man’s House of Keys (its parliament). The considerable fortune he earned in prize money was invested back home in Manx properties, and he played a key role in founding the island’s branch of what would become the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) — a fitting legacy for a man whose life was shaped by the sea.